Impact of Virtual Admittance-Based Grid-Forming Control on Distance Protection
Document Type
Conference Proceeding
Publication Date
1-1-2026
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of GFM inverter utilizing virtual admittance loop control on the apparent impedance measured at relays protecting a transmission line connected to a strong grid. A detailed electromagnetic transient model is used to analyze internal and external faults under various virtual impedance values. A dq domain analysis of current response is performed to interpret the active and reactive current contributions that shape the apparent impedance trajectory. For single-phase-to-ground faults, the distance element operates correctly. However, for three-phase, phase-to-phase, and phase-to-phase-to-ground faults, the inverter control causes significant deviation in the apparent impedance, resulting in misopertion at the inverter-side relay. Increasing the virtual impedance improves security for some cases but does not fully restore correct operation. These results indicate that conventional distance protection requires adaptation in GFM-dominated networks.
Publication Title
IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
ISBN
[9798331581381]
Recommended Citation
Tiwari, S.,
Sarmiento, A.,
Filho, J.,
&
Costa, F.
(2026).
Impact of Virtual Admittance-Based Grid-Forming Control on Distance Protection.
IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.
http://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM58988.2026.11693296
Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p2/3090