Synthesis of sulfur-cathodes for applications in lithium–sulfur batteries

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate modern energy storage due to their high energy density and adaptability across diverse applications. However, their long-term sustainability is limited by dependence on costly and scarce resources such as cobalt and lithium, alongside the growing demand for cheaper and potentially more energy-dense alternatives. Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have emerged as a promising substitute, offering a high theoretical energy density reaching up to 2600 Wh/kg and the advantage of sulfur’s natural abundance. Despite these benefits, LSBs face significant challenges that hinder their practical application, including polysulfide dissolution, poor electrical conductivity of sulfur, sluggish redox kinetics, and volume expansion during cycling. This review highlights recent advances in sulfur cathode synthesis aimed at addressing these limitations. Current developments are categorized into three main strategies: structural and framework engineering, surface chemistry and chemical anchoring, and electrolyte and interfacial engineering. Structural engineering focuses on designing hosts that accommodate sulfur and buffer volume changes. Surface chemistry enhances polysulfide adsorption and accelerates redox reactions. Electrolyte engineering regulates ion transport and stabilizes the lithium interface using modified electrolyte systems. Collectively, these strategies demonstrate steady progress toward achieving practical implementation of LSBs as viable successors for future energy demands.

Publication Title

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS