Environmental impact of asphalt with recycled plastic: a state-of-the-art review

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Abstract

Global plastic waste demands innovative solutions like recycled plastics in asphalt pavements. This state of the art review systematically assesses health and ecosystem risks from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted by plastic-modified asphalt (PMA). Employing a comprehensive literature search strategy spanning 1997–2024, we reveal a critical research disparity: while extensive studies document PMA’s mechanical benefits, dedicated investigation of its emission characteristics remains nascent and fragmented. We detail VOC sampling and analysis methodologies across wet, dry, and mixed plastic incorporation methods, critically evaluating their suitability for PMA’s complex emission profiles. Our synthesis identifies contradictory findings in the limited literature, with studies reporting emission reduction, increased toxicity or irritants, and negligible or compound-specific changes; inconsistencies largely attributable to methodological variabilities. Certain polymers (particularly polyolefins like PE and PP) are well-studied, while more hazardous but common waste plastics (PVC, ABS, PS) are conspicuously underrepresented. PMA construction may generate elevated hazardous fumes with potential novel toxicants from polymer decomposition, yet comprehensive occupational exposure data and field validation remain absent. Critical knowledge gaps include systematic emission inventories by plastic type and method, field monitoring studies, long-term emission behavior, and standardized testing protocols. Though landfill reduction and enhanced durability are acknowledged advantages, resolving these emission-related uncertainties is imperative. This review argues that balanced research parallelizing mechanical optimization with environmental validation is crucial for legitimizing PMA as a credible component of circular waste management strategies, enabling truly sustainable, low-emission road paving.

Publication Title

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

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