Parity–time symmetry and exceptional points in electronic circuits

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-4-2026

Department

Department of Physics

Abstract

Parity–time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians with real spectra were originally proposed in the context of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory but have now been extended to classical wave systems. A defining feature of PT-symmetric systems, and non-Hermitian systems more broadly, is the emergence of exceptional points, where two or more eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors coalesce. In recent years, these ideas have been translated to electronic systems, leading to a range of experimentally accessible phenomena and promising applications. Here we examine the development of PT symmetry and exceptional points in electronic circuits. We consider the fundamental principles and implementations of PT symmetry in electronic circuits. We highlight the key applications of such systems—including telemetry, sensing, hardware encryption and wireless power transfer—and consider potential future directions for the field.

Publication Title

Nature Electronics

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