Energy Spectrum of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays across Declinations -90° to +44.8° as Measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Authors

A. Abdul Halim, The University of Adelaide
P. Abreu, Instituto Superior Técnico
M. Aglietta, Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica, Rome
I. Allekotte, Centro Atomico Bariloche
K. Almeida Cheminant, FOM-Institute of Subatomic Physics - NIKHEF
A. Almela, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica Argentina
R. Aloisio, Gran Sasso Science Institute
J. Alvarez-Muñiz, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE)
A. Ambrosone, Gran Sasso Science Institute
J. Ammerman Yebra, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE)
G. A. Anastasi, Università degli Studi di Catania
L. Anchordoqui, Lehman College
B. Andrada, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica Argentina
L. Andrade Dourado, Gran Sasso Science Institute
S. Andringa, Instituto Superior Técnico
L. Apollonio, Università degli Studi di Milano
C. Aramo, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
E. Arnone, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
P. Assis, Instituto Superior Técnico
G. Avila, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica Argentina
E. Avocone, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
A. Bakalova, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
F. Barbato, Gran Sasso Science Institute
A. Bartz Mocellin, Colorado School of Mines
J. A. Bellido, The University of Adelaide
C. Berat, Université Grenoble Alpes
M. E. Bertaina, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
M. Bianciotto, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
P. L. Biermann, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
V. Binet, Instituto de Fisica Rosario

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-12-2025

Abstract

The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 EeV has been measured across the declination range -90°≤δ≤+44.8° using ∼310 000 events accrued at the Pierre Auger Observatory from an exposure of (104 900±3 100) km2 sr yr. No significant variations of energy spectra with declination are observed, after allowing or not for nonuniformities across the sky arising from the well-established dipolar anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The instep feature in the spectrum at ≃10 EeV reported previously is now established at a significance above 5σ. Within the statistics, the energy spectra are indistinguishable across declinations so disfavoring an origin for the instep from a few distinctive sources.

Publication Title

Physical Review Letters

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