Numerical simulation of hollow-cone hydrogen underexpanded jet injection using a phenomenological barrel shock model
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-15-2025
Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics
Abstract
In the present study, a gas injection model for simulating transient direct injection of hollow-cone hydrogen jet into a combustion chamber using a practical computational grid was developed. The model was implemented into MTU-MRNT code, an in-house multi-dimensional CFD code. The new model employs a phenomenological barrel shock model coupled with a gas sphere injection model to describe the physical phenomena of high speed hydrogen injection. The underexpanded jet issuing from the nozzle was modeled using the conditions at the exit of the barrel shock that is obtained using the characteristic shock structure of underexpanded jet. The model considers time-varying pressure downstream of the injection nozzle by using the quasi-steady state flow assumption at each time-step. A non-ideal gas model was employed to accurately describe the physical properties of hydrogen gas experiencing expansion and shock waves in the nozzle and subsequent underexpanded jet flow. The model was applied to simulate a hollow-cone hydrogen jet injection into a constant volume chamber and the results are compared with available experimental literature data. The predicted and experimental jet penetration profiles were in good agreement. The non-ideal gas model captures hydrogen thermodynamic properties accurately and improves the prediction accuracy of hydrogen jet penetration. The present model not only successfully predicts hydrogen jet behavior with a coarse grid, but also substantially contributes to the computational efficiency in numerical simulations of practical hydrogen applications.
Publication Title
Fuel
Recommended Citation
Ra, Y.,
Won, H.,
Purushothaman, A.,
Purushothaman, A.,
Lee, S.,
&
Chung, J.
(2025).
Numerical simulation of hollow-cone hydrogen underexpanded jet injection using a phenomenological barrel shock model.
Fuel,
390.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134718
Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p2/1427
