New Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes with Single-Photon Anti-Stokes-Shift Fluorescence for Sensitive Determination of pH Variances in Lysosomes with a Double-Checked Capability

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-2-2018

Department

Department of Chemistry; Department of Physics

Abstract

Two near-infrared luminescent probes with Stokes-shift and single-photon anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence properties for sensitive determination of pH variance in lysosomes have been synthesized. A morpholine residue in probe A, which serves as a targeting group for lysosomes in viable cells, was attached to the fluorophores via a spirolactam moiety, while a mannose residue was ligated to probe B, resulting in an increased biocompatibility and solubility in water. Probes A and B contain closed spirolactam moieties, and show no Stokes-shift or anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence under neutral or alkali conditions. However, the probes incrementally react to pH variance from 7.22 to 2.76 with measurable increases in both Stokes-shift and anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence at 699 and 693 nm under 645 and 800 nm excitation, respectively. This acid-activated fluorescence is produced by the breaking of the probe spirolactam moiety, which greatly increased the overall π-conjugation in the probes. These probes possess upconversion near-infrared fluorescence imaging advantages including minimum cellular photodamage, increased tissue penetration, and minimum biological fluorescence background. They display an excellent photostability with a low dye photobleaching and show a good biocompatibility. They are selective and capable of detecting pH variances in lysosomes at excitation with two different wavelengths, i.e., 645 and 800 nm.

Publisher's Statement

Publisher's version of record: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.8b00020

Erratum: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.9b01148

Publication Title

ACS Applied Bio Materials

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