Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-12-2025

Department

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences

Abstract

The remote sensing of seismic waves in challenging and hazardous environments, such as active volcanic regions, remains a critical yet unresolved challenge. Conventional methods, including laser Doppler interferometry, InSAR, and stereo vision, are often hindered by atmospheric turbulence or necessitate access to observation sites, significantly limiting their applicability. To overcome these constraints, this study introduces a Moiré-based apparatus augmented with active convolved illumination (ACI). The system leverages the displacement-magnifying properties of Moiré patterns to achieve high precision in detecting subtle ground movements. Additionally, ACI effectively mitigates atmospheric fluctuations, reducing the distortion and alteration of measurement signals caused by these fluctuations. We validated the performance of this integrated solution through over 1900 simulations under diverse turbulence intensities. The results illustrate the synergistic capabilities of the Moiré apparatus and ACI in preserving the fidelity of Moiré fringes, enabling reliable displacement measurements even under conditions where passive methods fail. This study establishes a cost-effective, scalable, and non-invasive framework for remote seismic monitoring, offering transformative potential across geophysics, volcanology, structural analysis, metrology, and other domains requiring precise displacement measurements under extreme conditions.

Publisher's Statement

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Publisher’s version of record: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122032

Publication Title

Remote Sensing

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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