Empowering rubidium-based halide PSCs: A deep dive into ETL material performance

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-2025

Department

Department of Physics

Abstract

This study uses the SCAPS-1D simulation system to investigate the feasibility of different ETL (Electron Transport Layer) candidates in rubidium-based halide perovskite solar cells (RbGeBr3). Various ETLs, including TiO2, SnO2, IGZO, WS2, SnS2 and ZnMgO, are evaluated in terms of their effect on the energy band alignment, charge transport properties, and efficiency metrics. Simulation results indicate that WS2 exhibits the highest performance with an efficiency of 33.43 %, followed by SnO2 (32.7 %), ZnMgO (32.5 %), TiO2 (31.74 %), IGZO (29.58 %) and SnS2 (27.17 %). The superior performance of WS2 is attributed to its excellent electron mobility (∼100 cm2/Vs) and low conduction band offset, which enhances charge extraction and reduces recombination losses. The results demonstrate that WS2 is the most promising ETL for Rb–PSCs, offering superior efficiency and charge transport characteristics. Further, the study expands to obtain the performance parameters w.r.t to thickness, defect density, temperature etc to validate the selected ETL material. This offers significant details regarding how ETLs are contributing to boosting the stability as well as efficiency of rubidium-based PSCs, contributing to the advancement of next-generation perovskite photovoltaics.

Publication Title

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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